Yerington Monday: Indian Reservations Near Yerington
There are many famous Native American tribes who played a part in the history of the state and whose tribal territories and homelands are located in the present day state of Nevada. The names of the Nevada tribes included the Koso, Paiute, Panamint, Shoshoni, Walapi, Washoe and Ute tribes.
Some of the Indian names for the different tribes
Tövusidökadö: "Pine nut Eaters", they lived in the mountain foothills of Nevada. They are federally recognized as Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch.
Pogidukadu: "Onion Eaters", they are federally recognized as the Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch.
Aga'idökadö or Agai Dicutta (Agai Ticutta): "Cutthroat trout Eaters", currently residing on the Walker River Indian Reservation.
Pakwidökadö or Pugwi Ticutta: "Chub carp Eaters", currently residing on the Walker River Indian Reservation.
The Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony is a federally recognized tribe of Northern Paiute Indians in Pershing County, Nevada.
The Lovelock Paiute Tribe has a federal reservation, the Lovelock Indian Colony, at 40°10′26″N 118°29′00″W in Pershing County. The reservation was established in 1907 and is 20 acres In 1990 80 tribal members lived on the reservation. In 1992, 110 people were enrolled in the tribe.
The tribe's headquarters is located in Lovelock, Nevada. Victor Mann is the tribal chairperson. The tribe is governed by a five-person tribal council.
Notable Lovelock Paiute
Adrian C. Louis (born 1946) is a Lovelock Paiute author from Nevada now living on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. He has taught at Oglala Lakota College. His novel Skins (1995) discusses reservation life and issues such as poverty, alcoholism, and social problems and was the basis for the 2002 film, Skins. He has also published books of poetry and a collection of short stories, Wild Indians and Other Creatures (1996). His work is noted for its realism.
Born in northern Nevada in 1946, Louis is the eldest of twelve children. Of mixed heritage, Louis is of Lovelock Paiute descent. He moved from Nevada to South Dakota's Pine Ridge Reservation.
Louis graduated from Brown University with a Bachelor's and MA in Creative Writing. Louis was also a former journalist and along with being editor of four tribal newspapers, he was the managing editor of Indian Country Today and a co-founder of the Native American Journalists Association.
Louis has ten published books of poetry and two novels. His poetry and fiction have garnered him much recognition and awards. His work has been praised by some of the other notable modern Native American writers, including Sherman Alexie, N. Scott Momaday, James Welch and Leslie Marmon Silko. In 1999, he was added to the Nevada Writer's Hall of Fame. In 2001 he was awarded the Writer of the Year by Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers and Storytellers and the Cohen Award for best published poem in Ploughshares. He is also the recipient of the Pushcart Prize as well as fellowships from the Bush Foundation, the South Dakota Arts Council, the Nebraska Arts Council, the National Endowment of the Arts and the Lila Wallace–Reader's Digest Foundation.
Louis taught English at Pine Ridge's Oglala Lakota College from 1984–1997; since 1999, he has taught in the Minnesota State University systems.
In Louis' works he highlights the conditions of reservation life and Native American cultural demise through their own doing as a result of interference by White people. Louis writes about his own experiences to underscore the many problems that have plagued Indian country. These issues include alcoholism, poverty, race relations, and social problems. Louis writes about his own experience in his struggle with alcoholism as well as the people around him who have struggled with the disease. He writes a number of poems about Native Americans getting drunk and contributing to the destruction of their own people. In his poem "Another Indian Murder" Louis depicts a time when he witnessed two young, drunk Indians beating their friend with a baseball bat until he was dead. When the two boys sobered up enough to realize they had killed their friend they tried using kleenex to stop the bleeding from his head. He makes the point that the Native American people are destroying their society due to alcohol and notes how Native American culture and people have been negatively affected since the introduction of alcohol by the white man.
Louis explicitly makes his opinions about race relations and white people known. Through his writing Louis harshly criticizes the United States' current foreign policy as he connects the first Iraq War to the slaughter of the Native American people. In his poem "Red Blues In A White Town The Day We Bomb Iraqi Women And Children" Louis describes how the United States is bombing innocent people in Iraq. He makes the point that they are still invading people's homelands and killing them today just as they did to the Native Americans in the past. He also predicts that educated, white people will be dropping bombs on poor, innocent people for years to come.
Poetry
- The Indian Cheap Wine Seance (1974)
- Muted War Drums (1977)
- Sweets for the Dancing Bears (1979)
- Fire Water World (1989)
- Among the Dog Eaters (1992)
- Blood Thirsty Savages (1994, Time Being Books)
- Days of Obsidian, Days of Grace (1994)
- Vortex of Indian Fevers (1995)
- Ceremonies of the Damned (1997)
- Skull Dance (1998)
- Ancient Acid Flashes Back (2000)
- Bones & Juice (2001)
- Evil Corn (2004)
- Deer Dreams (2006)
- Logorrhea (2006)
Prose
- Skins (1995)
- Wild Indians & Other Creatures (1996)
Filmography
- Skins (2002) - Screenwriting
Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Fallon, Nevada (The Fallon Indian Reservation is also known as Stillwater)
Fallon Band of Paiute-Shoshone
8955 Mission Road
Fallon, Nevada 89406
Telephone: (=1-702-423-6075
Local call from the Reno area: 323-3780
Fax:1-702-423-5202
The Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony is a federally recognized tribe of Northern Paiute and Western Shoshone Indians in Churchill County, Nevada. Their autonomy is Toi Ticutta meaning "Cattail Eaters."
The Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe has a federal reservation, the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Reservation, at 39°31′16″N 118°37′03″W, in Churchill County. The reservation, established in 1887,comprises 5,540 acres (22.4 km2). In 1990, 356 tribal members lived on the reservation. In 1992, 900 people were enrolled in the tribe. Closer to the city of Fallon the smaller and geographically detached Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Colony, at 39°29′05″N 118°45′38″W, has two separate sections that lie between downtown Fallon and Fallon Municipal Airport, northeast of the city.
As of 2009 the Fallon Paiute Shoshone Tribe's headquarters is located in Fallon, Nevada. The tribe is governed by a seven-person tribal council, with Len George serving as the Tribal Chairperson as of 2009.
Numa News is the tribe's monthly newspaper.
Columbus Hotel Wadsworth
The Wadsworth area was important for settlers as early as 1841, but was not formally established until the railroad arrived. Westbound immigrants, having crossed the Forty-Mile Desert to the east, found the area on the big bend of the Truckee River a welcome place to rest and water livestock. Seasonal trading posts were established by 1854. Wadsworth turned from small settlement to permanent town in 1868, when it was designated as a service station and headquarters for the Central Pacific Railroad's Truckee Division.
By 1883, the town had become an important supply and maintenance station for the railroad. Wadsworth also was a freight and trading center for outlying mining camps, as well as to the agricultural community of Stillwater. A fire destroyed most of the town in 1884. But Wadsworth was rebuilt, and by 1900 supported a population of 1,309.
Citing outdated structures and another destructive fire, railroad officials moved service facilities, thirty miles to the west in 1904. The event greatly reduced the population of Wadsworth, with railroad employees moving their families–and, in some cases, houses–to the new location just east of Reno. The move resulted in the formation of Sparks, which immediately sprang to life.
Because Wadsworth is on the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, its history is closely connected to the Native American community. Wadsworth was established on land set aside for the Paiutes before the railroad arrived. Some sources say the borders of the reservation were ambiguous at the time, but it is generally accepted that the railroad trespassed through its southern tip. In recent years, the government has been buying homes and ranches in the Wadsworth area in an effort to return land to the Paiute Tribe. The Natchez Elementary School, which serves mostly Paiute Indians, opened in 1972, and construction of a major tribal housing development began in 1977.
The town survives today and some ranches still exist nearby. The S-Bar-S Ranch, which formerly belonged to socialite Helen Marye Thomas, now serves as a training place for agricultural students at the University of Nevada. In 2000, the population was 881.
Abandoned old Indian school, Wadsworth, Nevada, 1989
The Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation is a United States reservation in northwestern Nevada~approximately 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Reno, in Washoe, Storey, and Lyon Counties. It lies almost entirely in Washoe County (99.88%), with but tiny amounts of land in the other two counties (at the southern end, near the city of Fernley). It is governed by the Pyramid Lake band Paiute tribe (Cui Ui Ticutta). In 1993, the population of the reservation was 1,603 individuals. At that time there were 2,253 enrolled members of the tribe. The 2000 census reported a population of 1,734.
The reservation has 742.2 sq mi in land area] and includes all of Pyramid Lake, and all of the Truckee River from the Big Bend north. The reservation is centered on Pyramid Lake, and the lake itself comprises 25% of the reservation's area. The reservation also includes a sliver of Winnemucca Lake, most of the Lake Range, portions of the Virginia Mountains and Pah Rah Range and the southern end of the Smoke Creek Desert.
There are three communities on the reservation. Sutcliffe is located on the western shore of the lake, Nixon is at the southern end of the lake, and Wadsworth, the largest, is located near the Big Bend of the Truckee at the southern end of the reservation, just north of the non-reservation town of Fernley. There are a few outlying ranches along the Truckee River between Wadsworth and Nixon. Nixon is the seat of tribal government.
The reservation land was first set aside for the Northern Paiute by request of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1859. The reservation was not surveyed until 1865. The status of the reservation was very uncertain until President Ulysses S. Grant affirmed its existence by executive order on March 23, 1874. At that time the creation of reservations by the executive branch was novel - most previous reservations were created by treaty or congressional legislation. Subsequent court decisions have affirmed the validity of reservations created by the executive branch, and have set the establishment date for the Pyramid Lake Reservation at 1859, not 1874. This earlier date is important both with regards to the priority date of tribal water rights, and the status of non-tribal claims to land within the reservation. The tribe has fought a long series of legal battles on both these issues.
As of 1970, one source claimed that residents of the reservation included descendants of Chief Winnemucca.
The Lahontan cutthroat trout fishery at Pyramid Lake draws many anglers from the Reno area and beyond. Sale of fishing licenses and boating permits is a large source of revenue for the tribe. Prior to the construction of Derby Dam and the diversion of water from the Truckee River for irrigation, the lake supported a commercial fishery which was an even larger revenue source for the tribe.
Historically water levels have been declining in Pyramid Lake; in addition, water quality has been impacted by upstream discharges including point and non–point sources. A number of studies have been conducted on Pyramid Lake including application of the DSSAM hydrological river model to examine nitrogen, reactive phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and other water quality parameters.
Administration Offices
The Reno-Sparks Indian Colony is an urban Native American Tribe whose members have Washoe, Paiute and Shoshone heritage. The Tribe has a colony in central Reno, Nevada and a reservation (39°41′31″N 119°44′44″W) in Hungry Valley, which is about 17 miles north of Reno.
The colony started out as a neighborhood in Reno where Native Americans who worked in local businesses and ranches lived. Under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, these people formed a tribal government. The Tribe was later granted land in Hungry Valley for a reservation.
The Field Matron's Cottage, also known as the Stone Building, was built circa 1925 on the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony in Sparks, Nevada. The cottage was built to support a Bureau of Indian Affairs program to instruct the 20 acres (8.1 ha) colony's Paiute and Washoe girls in sanitation and housekeeping skills. A "field matron" was provided by the Bureau from 1919 to as late as 1938. At first the matron lived in Reno, at some distance from the colony, but in 1926 funding was made available to build a dwelling on colony lands, allowing a closer relationship between the matron and the colony's inhabitants. The cottage included a library and an infirmary, and served as a community meeting place.
The cottage is built in the locally-unique Stewart Vernacular style, following the prototype established at the Stewart Indian School in Carson City. Many of the buildings at the Stewart Indian School were built using multi-colored native stone with black mortar. The style was locally influential, but the Matron's Cottage is the only example in the Reno area. The building's detailing and massing are similar to the Craftsman style, with a bungalow-like arrangement. The one story building has a full basement and a jerkin-head gable roof.
The Field Matron's Cottage was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. Field Matron's Cottage, on the National Register of Historic Places, housed a library, infirmary and meeting place, built 1926
Walker River Paiute Tribe of the Walker River Reservation, Schurz, Nevada,
Walker River Reservation, Methodist Episcopal Church, Schurz, Nevada, June 21, 1920
The Walker River Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation located in central Nevada in the United States. It is located along the Walker River between Yerington and Walker Lake. At the current lake level, the reservation has only a small frontage on Walker Lake. The bulk of the reservation (72.68%) is in Mineral County; however portions are in Lyon County (14.37%) and Churchill County (12.95%).
The reservation's land area is 529.970 square miles and a population of 853 persons was reported at the 2000 census. Schurz is the only town on the reservation. Weber Reservoir, an impoundment of the Walker River, is located upstream of Schurz and provides irrigation water for farms on the reservation. Most of the reservation is cattle range.
The reservation belongs to the Walker River Paiute Tribe, a federally recognized tribe of Northern Paiute people. Their Paiute name is Agai-Ticutta. The English translation means "Trout Eaters."
The Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada is a federally recognized tribe of Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute Indians in northwestern Nevada.
The Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada has a reservation at 40°57′58″N 117°43′41″W in Humboldt County, Nevada. The reservation was established in June 18, 1917 and comprises two parcels of land, 20 acres enclosed within the urban area of the City of Winnemucca centered on Cinnabar Street, and 320 acres of rural land on the southern edge of the city west of Water Canyon Road. In 1990, 17 tribal members lived on the reservation.
The Winnemucca Indian Colony joined non-Natives from Utah in suing the United States to prevent the detonation of 700 tons of explosives at the Nevada Test Site, which is on ancestral Western Shoshone lands. In the 1940s, members of the tribe had been forcibly removed from their lands, which were taken over by the Nevada Test Site, where nuclear bombs were tested from 1951 to 1993. The tribe considers the removal and subsequent nuclear weapons testing on their lands as a violation of the 1863 Western Shoshone Treaty of Ruby Valley.
The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination of the United Nations High Commission on Human Rights ruled on March 10, 2006 that the lands belonged to the Winnemucca Indian Colony and other Western Shoshone tribes. The USA does not recognise the competence of the Committee to hear complaints from individuals about violations of the rights protected by the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
The Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada's tribal headquarters is located in Winnemucca, Nevada. Judy Rojo is the Tribal Chairman recognized by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs. The tribe is governed by a five-person tribal council.
Notable Winnemucca
- Sarah Winnemucca, she published the first autobiography by a Native American woman, Life Among the Paiutes: Their Wrongs and Claims (1883), considered "one of the most enduring ethno-historical books written by an American Indian."
The Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony & Campbell Ranch is a federally recognized tribe of Northern Paiute Indians in western Nevada.
The Yerington Paiute Tribe has a reservation, the Yerington Reservation and Trust Lands, in Lyon County, Nevada. The reservation was established in 1916 and 1936 and is 1,653 acres large. In 1990, 354 tribal members lived on the reservation. The tribe had 659 enrolled members in 1992. The larger Campbell Ranch section is located at 39°04′42″N 119°12′30″W north of Yerington, while the smaller Yerington Colony section is located at 38°58′51″N 119°10′15″W, within the city limits of Yerington.
In 1937, the Yerington Paiute Tribe ratified its constitution and bylaws. They gained federal recognition under the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act.
The Yerington Paiute Tribe of Nevada's tribal headquarters is located in Yerington, Nevada. The tribe is governed by a tribal council. The most recent administration included the following:
- Tribal Chairperson: Linda Howard
- Vice Chairperson: LaVerne Roberts
- Secretary of Record: Shelley Pugh
- Council Member: Delmar Stevens
- Council Member: Elwood Emm
- Council Member: Eleanor Smith
- Council Member: Glen Roberts Jr.
- Council Member: Eleanor Smith.
The Yerington Paiutes operate their own education program, environmental program (overseeing air and water quality and wetlands), police force, USDA Commodities program, and social services.
The tribe owns and operates the Arrowhead Market, a fuel and convenience store in Yerington, and Campbell Ranch, which grows alfalfa.
Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
The Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California are a federally recognized tribe of Washoe Indians, living in California and Nevada. They are several communities south and east of Lake Tahoe united under a tribal council. The tribe owns over 64,300 acres (26,000 ha) in different parcels. The tribe is headquartered in Gardnerville, Nevada and governed by a democratically elected twelve-member tribal council and chairman, which meet on a monthly basis. Chairmen serve four-year terms.
The current administration is as follows:
- Chairwoman: Wanda Batchelor
- Vice-Chairman: Lloyd Wyatt
- Secretary/Treasurer: Tamara Crawford
- Carson Colony Council Members: W.Gary Nevers and Chad Malone
- Dresslerville Community Council Members: Lloyd Wyatt and Arlen Wyatt
- Off-Reservation Council Members: Elwood Rakow and Darrel Cruz
- Reno-Sparks Council Member: Lancia Astor
- Stewart Community Council Members: David Tom and Darrel Kizer
- Woodfords Community Council Members: DeAnn Roberts and Daniel Crawford.
Carson Colony
Established in 1917, the 16-acre (6.5 ha) community had 275 resident members in 1991. This colony is located in Carson City, Nevada and owns a gymnasium for recreation, youth programs, and hosting tribal events. They have four community representatives.
Dresslerville Colony
This is the largest Washoe community in population. 348 members lived there in 1991. It is located on 90 acres (36 ha) in Gardnerville near the Gardnerville Ranchos. Most of the tribe's public buildings are here, including a community center, gymnasium, and park. They have five community representatives.
Washoe Ranch
This 95-acre (38 ha) ranch in Carson Valley was purchased by the tribe in 1938 and 1940. There the tribe collectively raised hogs, sheep, and a herd of dairy cows. They grew potatoes and peaches. When farm production decreased in the 1950s, the land was temporarily leased to non-Native farmers.
Stewart Indian School
The Stewart Indian School (1890-1980) was an Indian school southeast of Carson City, NV. The school was a part of the Native American boarding schools project, infamous for removing children from their families, forbidding the speaking of native languages, sexual abuse, and other forms of harsh treatment. The school was named for Nevada's first senator, William M. Stewart and opened on December 17, 1890. It has also been known as Stewart Institute, Carson Industrial School, and Carson Indian School. The school opened with 37 students from Washoe, Paiute and Shoshone tribes and was staffed by 3 teachers. Students were taught basic educational classes but focused on vocational skills such as agriculture, ranching and carpentry.
As the school grew, superintendent Frederick Snyder transformed the school into an architectural in horticultural showplace in the 1920s. Snyder used native stones for the colonial architecture of the school buildings while the masonry was the work of the students. The school grew to include over 63 buildings, a 10,000 gallon swimming pool and a platform for the Virginia & Truckee Railroad. The school closed in 1980 due to Federal budget cuts and earthquake safety.
Today, much of the facility still stands and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985; the listing included 63 contributing buildings and one contributing structures.
The Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California established the Stewart Indian Colony on the grounds of and adjacent to the former school. The State of Nevada uses some of the buildings for state sponsored classes, training centers and agency offices such as the Department of Corrections. A walking tour describes the former campus and relics of the school are on display at the Nevada State Museum, Carson City.
Stewart Community
Located at the south side of Carson City, this community was established in 1990, has 2,960 acres (1,200 ha), with 90 members. They have the Stewart Community Center. Their five community representatives are chaired by Wanda Batchelor.
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